The bit you're missing is that the back button behavior is a function of the browser program, not the server. what it does, what messages it displays and so on is completely outside the scope of what the server does.
I can commiserate with you, and you're welcome to fiddle around to find behavior you'd like (I know I have) but I predict you will (a) discover that the behavior is anything but consistent, and (b) there are lots of arbitrary places where one thing works, but another thing fails, and (c) behavior from one browser to the next, and from one version of a browser to the next, can be very different.
In popup mode the problem largely goes away because the navigation there is more obvious, and if the user presses "back" then they go somewhere completely different. It's one (of many) reasons I prefer popup mode for "apps".
Of course you could spawn a browser instance without the back button at all - ie you have an index page which "opens" a new instance of the browser with your app, but personally I think that's even worse.
Of course give your users proper navigation so they don't need to press the back button - after that if they want to press it, but don't like the result, well I guess that's on them.
cheers
Bruce